江西快三
尼西黑陶见证藏族民众生活之变******
中新网迪庆10月23日电 题：尼西黑陶见证藏族民众生活之变
作者罗婕
从云南迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉市驱车30余公里，即能到达茶马古道沿线的尼西乡汤堆村。居住在这里的藏族民众在悠久的民间制陶史中焕发传统的新活力。
“尼西黑陶是藏族黑陶的一种，制陶工艺传承两千余年，是藏族家庭生活中必不可少的器具?！狈俏镏饰幕挪硇韵钅坎刈搴谔丈罩萍家帐〖洞硇源腥寺橙锥髦髟诮邮苤行峦钦卟煞檬北硎?，尼西黑陶见证了当地藏族民众的生活变迁。
图为尼西黑陶作品?！≌爬?摄藏族黑陶烧制技艺历史悠久，主要分布于中国云南、四川、青海等省份。云南迪庆的尼西乡以盛产黑陶闻名，拥有“中国藏族黑陶之乡”的美誉。在汤堆村，从事黑陶烧制的村民众多，鲁茸恩主的工作坊就在错落排布的民居之中。
鲁茸恩主13岁起便跟随父亲学习制作黑陶，至今已40年有余。他的父亲孙诺七林是国家级“藏族黑陶烧制技艺”项目代表性传承人，其作品火盆、酥油茶具(摇具)和茶罐三件作品被国家博物馆收藏。
鲁茸恩主的儿时记忆中，父亲总是靠人背马驮将制作好的黑陶带到香格里拉市、德钦县城等地售卖，并换取生活用品?！澳鞘甭芬Ｂ砺?，天不亮出门，到县城也快天黑了。父亲一步一步把尼西黑陶带出了山沟沟，也带到海外收藏者的面前?！?/p>
“与其他藏族黑陶不同，尼西黑陶的原料使用当地山上特有的红土与白土混合制作而成，且塑形、抛光等工序都是纯手工制作?！甭橙锥髦鹘樯?，尼西黑陶品种齐全、用途广泛，有最具藏族特色的“藏八宝”摆件，还有日常生活中的各种餐具、炊具、茶具、酒具及香炉、酥油灯等均一应俱全。
图为尼西黑陶作品?！≌爬?摄鲁茸恩主工作坊的架子上，摆放着各式形态各异的黑陶作品，其中鸽子壶和小茶罐是他最拿手的器具?！跋衷谀嵛骱谔盏囊帐跏詹丶壑挡欢吓噬?，传承的匠人们也不断创新，让黑陶的器型发展至80余种?！彼?。
如今，云南迪庆交通发生“一跃千年”的巨变，随着路网越来越发达，昔日人背马驮的景象不再，从汤堆村到香格里拉市区仅需40余分钟的车程。随着大滇西旅游环线的完善和香格里拉旅游产业的不断发展，尼西乡大力发展乡村旅游，尼西黑陶成为当地特色产业，也成了香格里拉最具代表性的文旅商品。
非遗文化的魅力吸引越来越多的游客主动来到汤堆，“常常有国外游客到汤堆来体验触碰泥土所带来的感动。疫情前，每年有超过8000人次到我的工作室参观。卖黑陶让我们收入翻番，日子也越过越好了”。
与此同时，旅游发展带动了当地传统美食“出圈”，由尼西黑陶制作的土锅烹煮的鸡汤——尼西土锅鸡成了一道倍受中外游客欢迎、每去必吃的特色菜肴。
世界日新月异，日子越变越好，唯一没有改变的是如鲁茸恩主一样的传承人对非遗技艺的坚持。谈到父亲传承黑陶技艺的夙愿，他感慨万千，“父亲一直教导我们，要重视这门传统手艺。现在我接过这份传承事业，一定要让非遗‘宝藏’延续下去?！?完)
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